The aim of this course is to qualitatively describe how the nanoparticles size can affect the morphology, crystal structure, reactivity, and electrical properties. It focuses on the physical chemistry of solid surface, fundamentals of homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation as well as continued growth immediately after the initial nucleation, and basics for control of particle size, size distribution and chemical composition. Properties of one-dimensional nanostructures (nanotubes, nanorods, nanowires), nonporous materials, and nanostructured bulk monolayers are presented. Simple geometric calculations of surface energy, coordination number, and volume fraction related to nanoscale properties are highlighted. Examples of applications of nanostructures and materials such as nanoscale and molecular electronics, catalysis of gold nanocrystals, nanobots, nanoparticles as bimolecular probes, bandgaps engineered quantum devices, nanomechanics, carbon nanotube emitters, photoelectrovhemical cells and photonic crystals and Plasmon devices.