The course presents a guide through the fundamental concept of biosensing and its integral components. It unravels the role of nanotechnology in advancing biosensors and bioelectronics, with specific exploration of nanomaterial applications in tumor biosensing. It explores the transformative impact of carbon nanostructures, including single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene, and fullerenes, within the realm of biosensors and bioelectronics. Focusing on diverse materials, the course then zeroes in on metal, metal oxides, and quantum dot-based biosensing, providing a comparative assessment of recent developments categorized into novel and improved sensing techniques. Additionally, it investigates the pivotal role of one-dimensional nanomaterials in shaping innovative biosensors. Moreover, it sheds light on the synergies between proteins and nanomaterials, emphasizing their advantages in crafting sensitive biosensor elements. Simultaneously, it delves into exploring dendrimer-based biocomposites and their applications in biosensing. The course delves into a comprehensive examination of nanotechnology techniques employed in DNA sensing.