Elements of contracts, contract award, bid preparation and evaluation. Types of contracts: lump sum, unit price, and cost-plus contracts. The FIDIC conditions of contracts: Engineer, Employer, and Contracts role and responsibilities; payment certificates; testing and inspection; variation orders; force majeure and employer risks; termination of contracts; claims and arbitration. Standard and special specifications; open, closed, and restricted specifications; prescription and performance specifications; writing specifications; and key specifications of concrete, steel, lumber, masonry, tiles, plastering, and paint. Understanding plans and specifications; quantity takeoff using standard forms; takeoffs of excavations, concrete, reinforced steel, lumber, masonry, tiles, plastering, sanitary, and painting works.