This course focuses on pharmacotherapeutic management of disease states and conditions commonly seen in critically ill patients in relation to the underlying pathophysiological characteristics of patients using current treatment guidelines. Concepts of drug action, therapeutic indications, goals of treatment, therapeutic plan, patient counseling, drug monitoring and evaluation of the therapeutic outcomes are discussed. The course aims to improve students? ability to identify and critically assess the relevant factors for patients? management, developing optimum pharmaceutical care plans encompassing non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches of therapy, and offering alternative therapeutic options when needed.