Introductory to soil physics. Soil texture. Surface area of soil particles. Particle size analysis. Stoke`s law. Soil structure. Types of soil structure. Evaluation of soil structure. Porosity, bulk density. Soil water retention. Concepts of water potential, components of potential, potential for equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions, measurements of potential. Movement of soil water. Darcy`s law. Hydraulic conductivity measurements. Soil aeration. Diffusion. Soil temperature, thermal properties of soil, modifying thermal regime. (Prerequisite: NR 241 Pass, PHY 103 Pass)