Biological data, descriptive statistics, probability, axioms and rules of probability, conditional probability, Bayes theorem and independence, discrete and continuous random variables, Binomial and normal distributions, Sampling distribution point and interval estimation, hypothesis testing, types of error, tests for one and two means, test for one proportion, categorical data analysis, incidence and prevalence, contingency tables; diagnostic tests; false positive, false negative; odds ratio and relative risk, specificity and sensitivity, chi-square test of independence, life tables, correlation and simple regression.