This course introduces the fundamental principles of nanoscience and nanotechnology, beginning with atomic structure, crystal structures, and wave diffraction by crystals, including Bragg?s law and its application in structure determination. It covers synthesis approaches for nanomaterials using both top-down and bottom-up techniques, with examples of one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures, two-dimensional (2D) materials, and thin films. The course also presents key characterization techniques used to investigate the chemical, mechanical, optical, structural, and morphological properties of nanomaterials, emphasizing the relationship between structure and properties at the nanoscale.